Exponential Model for Predicting the Sorption Isotherms-Evaluation, Statistical Appraisal and Comparison with Existing Models

A nonlinear model simulating the relationship between the mass of solute sorbed on clay mineral surfaces and in equilibrium with the concentration of solute in the pore fluid has been discussed in this work. The model and the procedure for obtaining the parameter (β) associated with the model were presented. The predicted cadmium isotherms for two types of clayey soils using the exponential model were in excellent agreement with experimental results (Shackelford and Daniel, 1991). Sorption isotherm predicted by the exponential model was compared with other existing models such as Freundlich model and Langmuir model. Seven statistical goodnessof-fit measures were used to evaluate prediction accuracy of the exponential model as well as the Langmuir model and the Freundlich model. All seven statistical goodness-of-fit measures indicated that the exponential model has the best prediction accuracy among the sorption isotherm prediction models. For instance, the error norm for the exponential model was Ne = 0.15 (best value of Ne is zero) for the kaolinite clay, while Ne = 2.95 and Ne = 6.1 for Langmuir model and Freundlich model, respectively. Furthermore, for Lufkin clay, the error norm for the exponential model was Ne = 1.6, while Ne = 264.4 and Ne = 15.1 for Langmuir model and Freundlich model, respectively. The modeling efficiency (EF), Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient-of-efficiency (E) and the index-of-agreement (d) values (best value for EF, E and d is one for the three measures) are best for the exponential model and for the two considered soils. For example, EF = 0.992, E = 0.999, and d = 0.999 for the exponential model (Lufkin clay). However, EF = -0.71, E = -20.5 and d = 0.07 for Langmuir model, and EF = 0.79, E = 0.93 and d = 0.95 for Freundlich model for the same clay

Viscoplastic Finite Element Analysis of Complex Geotechnical Problems

The principles of elasto/viscoplastic finite element analysis were presented and explained, and the results and the analysis of some geotechnical problems were presented in this work. Plasticity models such as von-Mises, Tresca, Drucker-Prager and Mohr-Coulomb models with associated and non-associated flow rules were incorporated in the viscoplastic algorithm. The ultimate bearing capacity of a rigid surface footing on weightless clayey soil, Tresca material, predicted by the elasto/viscoplasticity approach agrees very well with that obtained by Prandtl exact solution (only 1% above Prandtl exact solution). Solution was also presented for complex problems with no available solution such as the problem of an anchor buried in sands (Mohr-Coulomb materials), where large zones within the soil domain are dominated by tensile stresses as well as sharp changes in shear stresses

New Elastoplastic Method for Calculating the Contact Pressure Distribution under Rigid Foundations

An elastoplastic method for calculating the contact pressure distribution under rigid foundation has been developed and presented in this paper. The developed method is based on an elastoplastic approach. The first step is to find the point separating the elastic and plastic regions; i.e., the extent of the elastic and plastic yield zone under a specific load level. The contact pressure distribution is then found by combining a “modified” elastic distribution within the elastic zone and the contact pressure distribution within the plastic yield zone. An advanced elastoviscoplastic finite element analysis on rigid foundations was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of both the developed method and the Schultze method. It was found that the developed method yields better results than the Schultze method for all types of soils. The extent of plastic yielding using the developed method was found in complete agreement with the elastoviscoplastic finite element analysis. The Schultze method was found to overpredict the extent of plastic yielding underneath the foundation by about 12% at high load levels to 30% at low load levels

An Arabic Optical Braille Recognition System

Technology has shown great promise in providing access to textual information for visually impaired people. Optical Braille Recognition (OBR) allows people with visual impairments to read volumes of typewritten documents with the help of flatbed scanners and OBR software. This project looks at developing a system to recognize an image of embossed Arabic Braille and then convert it to text. It particularly aims to build fully functional Optical Arabic Braille Recognition system. It has two main tasks, first is to recognize printed Braille cells, and second is to convert them to regular text. Converting Braille to text is not simply a one to one mapping, because one cell may represent one symbol (alphabet letter, digit, or special character), two or more symbols, or part of a symbol. Moreover, multiple cells may represent a single symbol

On-Line Mobile Staff Directory Service: Implementation For The College of Arts and Sciences (CAS) - UUM.

Mobile Directory Services came to exist to help users to find the information they need wherever and whenever they are. With the increasing popularity of mobile communications and mobile computing, the demand for mobile directory services applications grows. This study leads to develop mobile web based directory service for college of Art and Science to provide students with information and services about lecturers or supervisors via their hand phones

Factors influencing the adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) : evidence from Iraq

The purpose of this study is to examine the adoption level of the international financial reporting standards (IFRSs) in Iraqi companies. Data in the form of descriptive financial results taken in the year 2015 of 32 companies listed on Iraqi stock exchange were used in this study. It is found that the level of IFRS adoption in Iraq is less than 50%. Regression result indicates a positive and significant relationship between IFRS with the firm size and net profit and board size. However, the effect of foreign ownership on the adoption of IFRS in the Republic of Iraq is discovered to be insignificant

Understanding Consumer Behavior in E-shopping: A Case Study of Iraq with an overview of E-shopping in the global and Arab regions

In the age of technology and the spread of the Internet, the diffusion, of e-shopping has increased. The Internet has made the commercial transactions faster and simplest and both the sellers and buyers get benefited by this technology. E- shopping provides a perfect example of the business revolution. Electronic Commerce has made life easier and more innovative of an individual. Consumer Behavior from e shopping differs from the spot market. The paper's goal was to review the consumer behavior in electronic- shopping and analyses the factors which influence customers' behavior in e-shopping at Iraq. The research question in this paper is the way that consumers act during e-shopping. Data was accumulated from the questionnaire survey by using Google Forms. The survey was prepared in the Arabic language. The data were collected in April 2017. A total of 492 respondents participated in the study. The study has shown the majority of Iraqisג are not doing e- shopping with 47%, therefore, it's clear that the tendency of e shopping is not very well known in the Iraqi economy as mostly and whole individuals, usually visit the store before e-shopping. also, It was given an overview of the e-shopping in globally and in the Arab regio

Requirements for Functional Integration in the Design of Train Stations

تمثل محطات القطارات جزءاً هاماً من التاريخ الحضري الحديث، إذ ساعدت المحطات الكبيرة على تكوين الصورة العامة للمدينة التي تقع فيها، وتعد محطات القطارات مناطق توزيع هامة وأماكن تبادل حيث ترتبط أنواع مختلفة من وسائل النقل، وهي مناطق إلتقاء للناس ومراكز تجارية وترفيهية وثقافية، وبسبب الأهمال والتدهور الذي تعانيه المحطات المحلية وخصوصا فيما يتعلق بالجوانب الوظيفية من حيث توفير وسائل الراحة والحركة وأماكن الأنتظار المناسبة، وضعف في تحقيق جوانب الأستدامة في تصميم تلك المحطات،  والذي يؤدي الى ضمور فعاليتها. وجاءت أهمية البحث بالعمل على تطوير تلك المحطات وإنعاشها لتسهم في أداء فعاليتها بشكل متكامل ولتلبي حاجات المسافرين المختلفة وتشجيعهم على أستخدام النقل العام ، لذا فقد تم مناقشة العديد من الدراسات التي تناولت الجوانب الوظيفية في تصميم محطات القطارات بصورة ضمنية أو رئيسية، إلا ان هذه الدراسات اتسمت بالتعددية وعدم الشمولية في طرح المعالجات التصميمية وبذلك تحددت مشكلة البحث المتمثلة بـ " الحاجة الى ايجاد تصور نظري شامل لمتطلبات التكامل الوظيفي في تصميم محطات القطارات المحلية" ليبرز هدف البحث في "بلورة تصور نظري شامل لمتطلبات التكامل الوظيفي في تصميم محطات القطارات المحلية".Train stations are an important part of modern urban history. Large stations have helped to form the public image of the city in which they are located. Train stations are important distribution areas and exchanges where different types of transport are connected. It is a meeting place for people, commercial, recreational and cultural centers, due to the neglect and deterioration of local stations, especially with regard to the functional aspects in terms of providing the necessary amenities, movement and waiting, and weak in achieving the aspects of sustainability in the design of these stations, which leads to the atrophy of their effectiveness. The importance of research to work on the development of these stations and revitalization to contribute to the performance of its effectiveness in an integrated manner and to meet the needs of different travelers and encourage them to use public transport, Therefore, many studies have been discussed that dealt with the functional aspects of the design of train stations implicitly or majorly, Therefore, many studies have been discussed that dealt with the functional aspects of the design of train stations implicitly or majorly, but these studies were characterized by plurality and inclusiveness in the introduction of design treatments. Thus, the research problem of "the need to find a comprehensive theoretical concept of functional integration requirements in the design of local train stations" The aim of the research is to "develop a comprehensive theoretical conception of the requirements of functional integration in the design of local train stations.